However, strategies for early diagnosis are still lacking, and most cases of esophageal cancer are diagnosed in the middle or late stages, rendering surgical treatment ineffective and leading to very poor 5-year survival rates ( 4). In addition, advances in treatment methods, such as endoscopic surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, have also significantly improved treatment efficacy. With the advancement of diagnostic technology, including novel techniques such as narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy and positron emission tomography, the accuracy of esophageal cancer diagnosis has improved greatly. ESCC is more common between the two, accounting for 90% of all esophageal cancer cases in China. There are two primary histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). According to global cancer statistics, 1 of every 20 cancer-related deaths in 2018 was due to esophageal cancer ( 2, 3). Esophageal cancer is highly aggressive, which often leads to a poor prognosis. Further, it discusses the potential applications of these findings towards achieving an early diagnosis, improving treatment efficacy, and evaluating the prognosis of esophageal cancer.Įsophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, with the seven-highest incidence and sixth-highest mortality rate among all malignant tumors worldwide ( 1). This review focuses on the latest progress in research on the abnormal expression and functional mechanisms of LncRNAs in esophageal cancer. The abnormal expression of LncRNAs leads to tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and treatment resistance. Recent research shows that LncRNAs are closely related to a series of steps in tumor development and play an important regulatory role in DNA replication, transcription, and post-transcriptional regulation. With the development of genomics, long-chain non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), which were once considered transcriptional “noise,” are being identified and characterized rapidly in large numbers. There is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers and treatment targets for esophageal cancer. However, owing to the lack of early diagnosis strategies and treatment targets, the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer remains unsatisfactory. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer.
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